Immigration has long been an important part of the United States’ character and economy, but it is also a highly emotive issue. Its complexity requires balancing often-competing goals, and the nation’s approach to controlling immigration has evolved over time. In the United States, immigrants make up a significant and growing share of the population and contribute in numerous ways to society and the economy.
The term “immigrant” is used to describe a person who lives in a country other than the one where they were born, regardless of their citizenship status or legal status in the destination country. Immigrants include people who have become naturalized citizens, joined the military or worked in the country’s service sector, or married a citizen. But many of the 44.9 million adults ages 18 and over who live in the United States who are immigrants have not obtained citizenship.
While the vast majority of immigrants say that they came to the U.S. because they wanted to build a better life for themselves and their families, some cite other reasons, such as seeking work or education opportunities, escaping unsafe conditions or joining family members who had already moved here. In focus groups, many immigrants discussed the sacrifices they had made to come to the United States, and how their dreams have been shaped by the expectations of others in their new community.
When asked to name their biggest concern, nearly two-thirds of immigrant adults cited financial issues or other economic concerns. This was similar to the answer given by all adults overall, but it highlights the particular financial challenges facing this group of Americans. Almost all working immigrants, and three-fourths of those with college degrees, report being employed. Some of these jobs are low-paying and/or in physically demanding industries, and some people find themselves overqualified for their current jobs.
Despite these challenges, most immigrant adults interviewed said they were satisfied with their lives in the United States and felt that they had made the right choice in coming here. While some cited the need for more opportunity in certain industries, most pointed to the quality of life they were able to enjoy here and the opportunities that their children now had as well.
Immigration has played a major role in the United States’ history and will continue to shape the nation’s character for years to come. This issue of Population Bulletin examines some of the trends in immigration patterns and policies, and reviews the peaks and troughs of this dynamic process. We hope the information in this issue will help readers gain a greater appreciation of the contributions that immigrants make to our society and economy. They make up a substantial portion of the population, and their stories can inspire all of us to strive for greater freedom and prosperity in our own communities.